Typeface Anatomy


I found this typeface anatomy in 'The Fundamentals of Typography' which I thought were really handy to know. Here they are;


Apex: The point formed at the top of a character such as 'A', where the left and right strokes meet.


Arm: A horizontal stroke that is open at one or both ends, as seen on the 'T' and 'F' as well as the upstroke on the 'K' and 'Y'. Also called bar.


Ascenders & Descenders: An ascender is the part of a letter that extends above the x-height; a descender falls below the baseline.
Beak: The serif form at the end of an arm.
Bowl: The part of a character that encloses a space in circular letterform such as 'O' and 'e'. The bowl may be closed or open.
Bracket: The transitional shape, connecting the stem and the serif.
Counter: The space inside a bowl as found 'e', 'a' and other letters.
Cross Stroke: A horizontal stroke that intersects the central stem. Also called a crossbar.
Crossbar: The horizontal stroke on the characters 'A', 'H', 'e', 'f' and 't' that intersects the central stem. Also called a cross stroke.
Ear: A small stroke extending from the right side of the bowl of a 'g' or protruding from the stem of letters such as 'r' and 'f'.
Finial: An ornamental terminal stroke at the top of characters such as the 'a' and 'f'.
Leg: The lower, possibly downward sloping stroke of a letter. Sometimes also used for the tail of the 'Q'.
Link: A stroke that joins two other letter parts such as the bowls of a double- storey 'g'.
Loop: The bowl formed by the tail of a double storey 'g'.
Serif: A small stroke at the end of a main vertical or horizontal stroke.
Spine: A left - right curving stroke in the 'S' and 's'.
Spur: The terminal to a stem of a rounded letter.
Stem: The main vertical or diagonal stroke of a letter.
Swash: An elongated curved entry or exit stroke.
Tail: The descending stroke on a 'Q', 'K', and 'R'. The descenders on 'g', 'j', 'q' and 'y' may also be called tails, as can loop of the 'g'.
Terminal: The end of a stroke, which may take several forms such as acute, flared, convex, concave and rounded.

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